E. 杆菌
E是什么?. 杆菌?
E. 杆菌 is a common bacteria that lives in the lower gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. 它也可以从水和土壤中分离出来. Although most strains are harmless, some strains of E. 杆菌 are capable of producing powerful toxins that can cause severe illness.
如何?. 大肠杆菌感染扩散?
尽管E. 杆菌 can be spread by a variety of ways, it is estimated that 85 percent of current E. 大肠杆菌感染是通过食物传播的.
Because the organism lives in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, 有可能由动物传染给人类. This can occur by direct contact with animals or by consuming contaminated animal products. Meat can become contaminated during slaughter or during processing. Infection can occur from eating contaminated undercooked meat, especially ground beef.
Other known sources of infection include drinking unpasteurized milk and juice, eating contaminated fresh leafy greens such as spinach, lettuce and alfalfa sprouts; eating contaminated salami; and by swimming in or drinking contaminated sewage water.
没有良好的卫生习惯和经常洗手,E. 杆菌 can also be spread by person-to-person contact from bacteria in loose stools in homes, 日托中心, 疗养院和十大赌博平台排行榜.
E的症状是什么. 杆菌感染?
E型肝炎的症状. 杆菌 infection typically occur within two to eight days of eating contaminated food, 平均发病时间为三到四天.
The main symptoms are severe bloody diarrhea and stomach cramps. In some cases, the infection causes non-bloody diarrhea. 通常很少发烧或没有发烧. Healthy adults can typically recover completely from E. 一周内不服用任何药物.
However, in some people, especially children under the age of five and the elderly, E. 杆菌 infection can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a life-threatening condition in which the red blood cells are destroyed and the kidneys fail. 在美国.S., E. 杆菌 related HUS is the main cause of kidney failure among children. 溶血性尿毒综合征的死亡率为3 - 5%.
If you think that you or your child has been infected by E. 大肠杆菌,立即联系你的十大赌博平台排行榜.
E怎么样?. 确诊大肠杆菌感染?
E. 杆菌 is diagnosed by testing a person's stool for E. 杆菌.
E怎么样?. 治疗大肠杆菌感染?
大多数人从E. 杆菌 infection without treatment within five to 10 days. Antibiotics should not be used to treat this infection because they may lead to kidney complications. 止泻药也应避免使用.
People who develop hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) are usually treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) with blood transfusions and kidney dialysis.
我怎么能. 预防大肠杆菌感染?
有许多简单的方法可以使E. 大肠杆菌感染是可以预防的.
洗手
- Regularly and thoroughly wash your hands after going to the bathroom, changing diapers and before handling or eating food. 尤其重要的是,人们, 特别是儿童, with diarrhea wash their hands thoroughly after going to the bathroom to prevent spreading infection.
- Wash your hands after contact with farm animals, animal feces and being in farm environments.
Cook and Eat Food That Has Been Appropriately Prepared
- Thoroughly cooking meat, especially ground beef, can destroy E. 杆菌. Ground beef should be cooked until it is no longer pink and juices run clear. 做汉堡的时候, the meat thermometer should read 160 degrees in the thickest part of the hamburger patty and the patty should not be pink inside.
- When eating in a restaurant, order your hamburger medium or well-done. Make sure ground beef is thoroughly cooked and hamburgers are not pink in the middle.
- Thoroughly wash raw fruits and vegetables before eating.
- Defrost food in the refrigerator, in cold water or in the microwave. Food should be stored in a refrigerator that is 40 degrees Fahrenheit or a freezer that is 0 degrees Fahrenheit or colder.
保持厨房和食物准备区清洁
- 彻底洗手, 计数器, 砧板, utensils and meat thermometers after use with hot soapy water.
- Never place cooked hamburgers or ground beef on the unwashed plate that held the raw patties.
- 把生肉和即食食品分开.
不要喝未经高温消毒的牛奶、果汁或苹果酒
- 未经高温消毒的牛奶、果汁和苹果酒可能含有E. 杆菌. To be safe, drink only pasteurized beverages and juice concentrates.
Drink Municipal Water That Has Been Treated With Chlorine or Another Effective Disinfectant
游泳时要小心
- 游泳时避免吞下湖水或池水.
- Anyone with diarrhea should not swim in public pools or lakes, share baths with others or prepare food for others to prevent spreading infection.
消息灵通
在E期间. 大肠杆菌疫情, 比如目前的菠菜疫情, stay informed of current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations. 目前,不建议生吃菠菜. Boiling fresh spinach or cooking fresh spinach until it reaches 160 degrees, 通常持续15秒或更长时间, 会杀死E. 杆菌.
更多的信息
想了解更多关于E. 杆菌 infection, please visit the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Web site at www.食品及药物管理局.政府 or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Web site at www.疾病预防控制中心.政府.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.