负责任:什么是卵巢癌?
Ovarian cancer is a malignant (cancerous) growth that begins in the ovaries. The ovaries produce eggs (ova) and are also the main source of the female hormones, 雌激素和黄体酮. 大多数卵巢癌, 然而, develop from the tissue on the surface of the ovary, 叫做上皮, 而不是在制造激素和卵子的细胞中.
卵巢肿瘤的类型
Many types of tumors can start growing in the ovaries. Some of these are benign (noncancerous) and can be cured by surgically removing them. Other types of ovarian tumors are malignant (cancerous) and may spread through the body. These cancerous tumors require more complex treatment.
上皮性卵巢癌(EOC)
最常见的卵巢癌, 上皮性卵巢癌(EOC), arises in the epithelial cells that cover the ovary. 它占卵巢癌的90%. Under the microscope, EOC can be divided into serous, mucinous, endometrioid and clear cell types. Some EOCs cannot be classified into one of these four groups. They are called undifferentiated EOCs and they tend to grow and spread more quickly.
In addition to their classification by cell type, EOCs are given a grade and a stage. The grade — on a scale of 1,2 or 3 — is determined by how the cells look under the microscope. 一级EOC, 哪个更像正常组织, 往往预后较好, 或展望. Grade 3 EOC, which less closely resembles normal tissues, usually has a worse outlook.
The tumor stage describes how far the tumor has spread from its starting point in the ovary.
There is also a special category of EOC called borderline, or grade 0, EOC. This type of EOC is treated with surgery, and does not respond to chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
生殖细胞肿瘤
These tumors start from the cells that produce the eggs (ova). Dysgerminoma is the most common ovarian cancer of germ cells, but it accounts for only 2 percent of all ovarian cancers. It usually affects women in their teens and twenties.
当它们局限于卵巢时, over 95 percent of dysgerminomas are cured by surgical removal of the ovary. If the tumor has spread, surgery and chemotherapy cure about 90 percent of patients.
A cancerous tumor called an immature teratoma can occur in girls and young women, 通常小于18岁. It can usually be cured by surgical removal, if the growth is confined to the ovary. If it has spread, chemotherapy is recommended along with surgery.
另外两种非常罕见的生殖细胞肿瘤, endodermal sinus tumors (yolk sac tumor) and choriocarcinoma, 也会影响女孩和年轻女性. They tend to grow and spread rapidly, but usually respond very well to chemotherapy.
间质瘤
这些罕见的肿瘤, 有时是癌性的, start from cells in the connective tissue that holds the ovary together and produces the female hormones. 间质瘤 often produce female, and sometimes male, hormones. They can cause vaginal bleeding to resume after menopause, or can cause menstrual periods and breast development in young girls. 如果产生雄性激素, the tumors can disrupt normal periods and cause facial and body hair to grow.
Cancerous stromal tumors include granulosa cell tumors, granulosa-theca肿瘤, 和上皮间质细胞瘤. 这些肿瘤往往是低级别癌症.
阅读更多:
- 负责的下一部分: 谁会得卵巢癌?
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加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.